Shot Types

Extreme Wide Shot (EWS):
The view is so far from the subject that he isn't visible. Often used as an establishing shot. 

Very Wide Shot (VWS):
The subject is visible (barely), but the emphasis is still on placing him in his environment.

Wide Shot (WS):
The subject takes up the full frame, or at least as much as comfortably possible.
AKA: long shot, full shot.

Mid Shot (MS):
Shows some part of the subject in more detail while still giving an impression of the whole subject.

Medium Close Up (MCU):Half way between a MS and a CU. 

Close Up (CU):
A certain feature or part of the subject takes up the whole frame.

Extreme Close Up (ECU):
The ECU gets right in and shows extreme detail.

Cut-In:
Shows some (other part of the subject in detail).

Cutaway (CA):
A shot of something other than the subject.

Two-shot:
A shot of two people, framed similarly to mid shot.